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1 antichambre
antichambre [ɑ̃ti∫ɑ̃bʀ]feminine noun* * *ɑ̃tiʃɑ̃bʀnom féminin lit, fig anterooml'antichambre de la gloire — fig the way to stardom
* * *ɑ̃tiʃɑ̃bʀ nfantechamber, anteroom* * *antichambre nf lit, fig anteroom, antechamber; faire antichambre to wait in the anteroom; l'antichambre de la gloire fig the way to stardom.[ɑ̃tiʃɑ̃br] nom féminin -
2 Angola
(and Enclave of Cabinda)From 1575 to 1975, Angola was a colony of Portugal. Located in west-central Africa, this colony has been one of the largest, most strategically located, and richest in mineral and agricultural resources in the continent. At first, Portugal's colonial impact was largely coastal, but after 1700 it became more active in the interior. By international treaties signed between 1885 and 1906, Angola's frontiers with what are now Zaire and Zambia were established. The colony's area was 1,246,700 square kilometers (481,000 square miles), Portugal's largest colonial territory after the independence of Brazil. In Portugal's third empire, Angola was the colony with the greatest potential.The Atlantic slave trade had a massive impact on the history, society, economy, and demography of Angola. For centuries, Angola's population played a subordinate role in the economy of Portugal's Brazil-centered empire. Angola's population losses to the slave trade were among the highest in Africa, and its economy became, to a large extent, hostage to the Brazilian plantation-based economic system. Even after Brazil's independence in 1822, Brazilian economic interests and capitalists were influential in Angola; it was only after Brazil banned the slave trade in 1850 that the heavy slave traffic to former Portuguese America began to wind down. Although slavery in Angola was abolished, in theory, in the 1870s, it continued in various forms, and it was not until the early 1960s that its offspring, forced labor, was finally ended.Portugal's economic exploitation of Angola went through different stages. During the era of the Atlantic slave trade (ca. 1575-1850), when many of Angola's slaves were shipped to Brazil, Angola's economy was subordinated to Brazil's and to Portugal's. Ambitious Lisbon-inspired projects followed when Portugal attempted to replace the illegal slave trade, long the principal income source for the government of Angola, with legitimate trade, mining, and agriculture. The main exports were dyes, copper, rubber, coffee, cotton, and sisal. In the 1940s and 1950s, petroleum emerged as an export with real potential. Due to the demand of the World War II belligerents for Angola's raw materials, the economy experienced an impetus, and soon other articles such as diamonds, iron ore, and manganese found new customers. Angola's economy, on an unprecedented scale, showed significant development, which was encouraged by Lisbon. Portugal's colonization schemes, sending white settlers to farm in Angola, began in earnest after 1945, although such plans had been nearly a century in the making. Angola's white population grew from about 40,000 in 1940 to nearly 330,000 settlers in 1974, when the military coup occurred in Portugal.In the early months of 1961, a war of African insurgency broke out in northern Angola. Portugal dispatched armed forces to suppress resistance, and the African insurgents were confined to areas on the borders of northern and eastern Angola at least until the 1966-67 period. The 13-year colonial war had a telling impact on both Angola and Portugal. When the Armed Forces Movement overthrew the Estado Novo on 25 April 1974, the war in Angola had reached a stalemate and the major African nationalist parties (MPLA, FNLA, and UNITA) had made only modest inroads in the northern fringes and in central and eastern Angola, while there was no armed activity in the main cities and towns.After a truce was called between Portugal and the three African parties, negotiations began to organize the decolonizat ion process. Despite difficult maneuvering among the parties, Portugal, the MPLA, FNLA, and UNITA signed the Alvor Agreement of January 1975, whereby Portugal would oversee a transition government, create an all-Angola army, and supervise national elections to be held in November 1975. With the outbreak of a bloody civil war among the three African parties and their armies, the Alvor Agreement could not be put into effect. Fighting raged between March and November 1975. Unable to prevent the civil war or to insist that free elections be held, Portugal's officials and armed forces withdrew on 11 November 1975. Rather than handing over power to one party, they transmitted sovereignty to the people of Angola. Angola's civil war continued into the 21st century. -
3 גרר I
גָּרַרI (b. h.; v. גָּרָה) (to produce a grating, scraping sound, 1) to scratch, scrape, shave (v. גָּרַד, גָּרַע I). Sabb.VIII, 6 (81a). כדי לִגְרֹורוכ׳ (Ar. a. Y. ed. לגרוד) large enough to scrape with it the top R. Hash. 27b גְּרָרֹו Ms. M. (ed. גרדו), v. גֶּלֶד. Keth.60a; Kerith. 21b גֹּורְרֹווכ׳ he must scrape the blood off before eating the bread; a. fr.Part. pass. גָּרוּר, v. גָּרוּד. 2) to drag, to move without lifting; (also neut. verb) to follow. Sabb.29b, a. fr. גורר אדםוכ׳ one may, on the Sabbath, pull or push a couch (on the floor). Y.Kil.I, 27b bot. לא יָגֹור אדםוכ׳ one must not pull Tanḥ. Thazr. 8 גְּרָרוּהוּ מקברו they dragged him out of his grave. Tosef.Erub.XI (VIII), 13; Tosef.Bets.II, 19 דלת הגֹּורֶרֶת … הגֹּורְרִים (Y.Erub.X, 26b bot. גודרת, corr. acc., v. גָּדַר) a door which drags along the ground (on opening), a matting which is moved by dragging, or large kegs which ; Erub.101a דלת הנִגְרֶרֶת … הנִגְרָר. Cant R. to II, 15 אני גֹורְרוֹ למבולו I will drag him to the flood in which to perish; a. fr.Tanḥ. Thazr. 9 (ref. to Ps. 5:5 יגרך) אין אתה נגרר … ואין הרעה גֹורֶרֶת אותךוכ׳ neither art thou dragged behind (attracted by) evil, nor does evil drag (have power over) thee, nor does it dwell with thee; Yalk. Kings 231 אין אתה גורר אחר … גוררת אחריך.Part. pass. גָּרוּר dragged along, hanging on.Pl. גְּרוּרִים, גְּרוּרִין. Num. R. s. 18 ח׳ ג׳ eight threads dragged along (as fringes; Tanḥ. Korah 12 ח׳ חוטין). Ab. Zar.3b, a. e. גרים ג׳ proselytes who have attached themselves but have not been admitted, v. גֵּר. 3) to carry with it, to cause; to affect (v. גָּרַם). Y.Hor.I, 46a bot.; Y.Pes.VII, 34c שבט אחד גֹּורֵרוכ׳ (a majority of) one tribe affects the legal status of the entire nation, i. e. the majority of tribes (seven) decides, though it may be a minority of the people as a whole. Lev. R. s. 13, end (play on gerah, Lev. 11:4 sq.) גָּרְרָה מלכותוכ׳ carried another government after it, i. e. was followed by another oppressive government. Ab. IV, 2 מצוה גֹורֶרֶתוכ׳ a good deed begets a good deed Tosef.Sabb.XV (XVI), 6 (read:) אין גֹּורֵרוכ׳ it is not considered a corpse so as to cause uncleanness to man or vessels. 4) to saw, split. Sabb.XVII, 2 (122b) a saw (may be used on the Sabbath) לָגֹור בהוכ׳ (Ms. M. לִגְרֹור, Mish. ed. Pes. לגָרֵר, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) to saw cheese with it. Ohol. XV, 8 עתיד לָגֹור Ar. intended to be sawed apart (ed. לגוד, fr. גדד, v. Tosef. ib. XV, 8). Tosef.Kel.B. Mets.II, 18 לָגֹורוכ׳ to saw off a part Nif. נִגְרַר 1) to be dragged, pulled. Erub.X, 11 נגר הנג׳ a bolt which is dragged along (with the door, i. e. attached and hanging down). Ib. 101a, v. supra. Tanḥ. Thazr. 9, v. supra. Bets.II, 10 (23b) אינה נִגְרֶרֶת; ib. אין נִגְרָרִין must not be dragged or pulled, a. fr. 2) to be scraped, planed. B. Kam. 119b הנ׳ במגירה shavings, opp. נפסק במגירה chips.Nidd.55b נִגְרָרִין דרך הפה (secretions of the nose) scraped (discharged) through the mouth (v. גָּרַף). Pi. גֵּירַר, גֵּרַר 1) to drag. Pes.IV, 9 (56a) ג׳ עצמותוכ׳ he had the bones of his father carried out on a bed of ropes. Ib. I, 2 (9a); a. fr.Tosef.Sabb.VI (VII), 1 (a superstitious custom) המְגָרֶרֶת בנהוכ׳ Var. (ed. Zuck. המגוררת) one who drags her son among the dead (to the cemetery). 2) to scrape, plane. Ib. XVI (XVII), 19 מְגָרְרָן he may scrape them (clean his feet of mud). Tosef.Kel.B. Mets.II, 17; Ḥull.25a עתיד … לגָרֵר requiring planing for finish; a. fr.Part. pass. מְגֹורָר a) scratched, full of scabs. Gen. R. s. 64 (play on מגרר, Gen. 26:26) ד״א מג׳וכ׳ another explanation is mgorar, for eruptions grew on him (with ref. to Job 2:8); Yalk. ib. 111; v. גָּרַר II. b) planed. Tosef.Sot.XV, 1 מְגֹורָרוֹת במגר׳ היו Var. (ed. Zuck. היה מְגָרֵר) the stones were planed with a plane. Hithpa. הִתְגָּרֵר to be scraped. Tosef.Sabb. XVI (XVII), 19 אין מִתְגָּרְרִין במגוררת ed. Zuck. (Var. מגרדין במגרדת, Sabb.147b גוררין במגררת, Ms. M. גודרין במגדירה, corr. acc.) one must not be scraped with a strigil. Ib. XXII, 6 (147a) מתגררין, Talm. ed. (Mish. מִתְגָּרְדִין, v. Rabb. D. S. to 147b>, note 70). -
4 גָּרַר
גָּרַרI (b. h.; v. גָּרָה) (to produce a grating, scraping sound, 1) to scratch, scrape, shave (v. גָּרַד, גָּרַע I). Sabb.VIII, 6 (81a). כדי לִגְרֹורוכ׳ (Ar. a. Y. ed. לגרוד) large enough to scrape with it the top R. Hash. 27b גְּרָרֹו Ms. M. (ed. גרדו), v. גֶּלֶד. Keth.60a; Kerith. 21b גֹּורְרֹווכ׳ he must scrape the blood off before eating the bread; a. fr.Part. pass. גָּרוּר, v. גָּרוּד. 2) to drag, to move without lifting; (also neut. verb) to follow. Sabb.29b, a. fr. גורר אדםוכ׳ one may, on the Sabbath, pull or push a couch (on the floor). Y.Kil.I, 27b bot. לא יָגֹור אדםוכ׳ one must not pull Tanḥ. Thazr. 8 גְּרָרוּהוּ מקברו they dragged him out of his grave. Tosef.Erub.XI (VIII), 13; Tosef.Bets.II, 19 דלת הגֹּורֶרֶת … הגֹּורְרִים (Y.Erub.X, 26b bot. גודרת, corr. acc., v. גָּדַר) a door which drags along the ground (on opening), a matting which is moved by dragging, or large kegs which ; Erub.101a דלת הנִגְרֶרֶת … הנִגְרָר. Cant R. to II, 15 אני גֹורְרוֹ למבולו I will drag him to the flood in which to perish; a. fr.Tanḥ. Thazr. 9 (ref. to Ps. 5:5 יגרך) אין אתה נגרר … ואין הרעה גֹורֶרֶת אותךוכ׳ neither art thou dragged behind (attracted by) evil, nor does evil drag (have power over) thee, nor does it dwell with thee; Yalk. Kings 231 אין אתה גורר אחר … גוררת אחריך.Part. pass. גָּרוּר dragged along, hanging on.Pl. גְּרוּרִים, גְּרוּרִין. Num. R. s. 18 ח׳ ג׳ eight threads dragged along (as fringes; Tanḥ. Korah 12 ח׳ חוטין). Ab. Zar.3b, a. e. גרים ג׳ proselytes who have attached themselves but have not been admitted, v. גֵּר. 3) to carry with it, to cause; to affect (v. גָּרַם). Y.Hor.I, 46a bot.; Y.Pes.VII, 34c שבט אחד גֹּורֵרוכ׳ (a majority of) one tribe affects the legal status of the entire nation, i. e. the majority of tribes (seven) decides, though it may be a minority of the people as a whole. Lev. R. s. 13, end (play on gerah, Lev. 11:4 sq.) גָּרְרָה מלכותוכ׳ carried another government after it, i. e. was followed by another oppressive government. Ab. IV, 2 מצוה גֹורֶרֶתוכ׳ a good deed begets a good deed Tosef.Sabb.XV (XVI), 6 (read:) אין גֹּורֵרוכ׳ it is not considered a corpse so as to cause uncleanness to man or vessels. 4) to saw, split. Sabb.XVII, 2 (122b) a saw (may be used on the Sabbath) לָגֹור בהוכ׳ (Ms. M. לִגְרֹור, Mish. ed. Pes. לגָרֵר, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) to saw cheese with it. Ohol. XV, 8 עתיד לָגֹור Ar. intended to be sawed apart (ed. לגוד, fr. גדד, v. Tosef. ib. XV, 8). Tosef.Kel.B. Mets.II, 18 לָגֹורוכ׳ to saw off a part Nif. נִגְרַר 1) to be dragged, pulled. Erub.X, 11 נגר הנג׳ a bolt which is dragged along (with the door, i. e. attached and hanging down). Ib. 101a, v. supra. Tanḥ. Thazr. 9, v. supra. Bets.II, 10 (23b) אינה נִגְרֶרֶת; ib. אין נִגְרָרִין must not be dragged or pulled, a. fr. 2) to be scraped, planed. B. Kam. 119b הנ׳ במגירה shavings, opp. נפסק במגירה chips.Nidd.55b נִגְרָרִין דרך הפה (secretions of the nose) scraped (discharged) through the mouth (v. גָּרַף). Pi. גֵּירַר, גֵּרַר 1) to drag. Pes.IV, 9 (56a) ג׳ עצמותוכ׳ he had the bones of his father carried out on a bed of ropes. Ib. I, 2 (9a); a. fr.Tosef.Sabb.VI (VII), 1 (a superstitious custom) המְגָרֶרֶת בנהוכ׳ Var. (ed. Zuck. המגוררת) one who drags her son among the dead (to the cemetery). 2) to scrape, plane. Ib. XVI (XVII), 19 מְגָרְרָן he may scrape them (clean his feet of mud). Tosef.Kel.B. Mets.II, 17; Ḥull.25a עתיד … לגָרֵר requiring planing for finish; a. fr.Part. pass. מְגֹורָר a) scratched, full of scabs. Gen. R. s. 64 (play on מגרר, Gen. 26:26) ד״א מג׳וכ׳ another explanation is mgorar, for eruptions grew on him (with ref. to Job 2:8); Yalk. ib. 111; v. גָּרַר II. b) planed. Tosef.Sot.XV, 1 מְגֹורָרוֹת במגר׳ היו Var. (ed. Zuck. היה מְגָרֵר) the stones were planed with a plane. Hithpa. הִתְגָּרֵר to be scraped. Tosef.Sabb. XVI (XVII), 19 אין מִתְגָּרְרִין במגוררת ed. Zuck. (Var. מגרדין במגרדת, Sabb.147b גוררין במגררת, Ms. M. גודרין במגדירה, corr. acc.) one must not be scraped with a strigil. Ib. XXII, 6 (147a) מתגררין, Talm. ed. (Mish. מִתְגָּרְדִין, v. Rabb. D. S. to 147b>, note 70). -
5 קרן
קֶרֶןc. (b. h.; v. preced.) (joint, attachment; roundness, fulness, 1) horn. Y.Erub.I, 19b bot. זכרותו של ק׳, v. זַכְרוּת. R. Hash. III, 2 כל השופרות … ק׳ all shofars (horns) are fit for use on the New Years day, except that of a cow, because it is called ḳeren (and not shofar); והלא כל … ק׳ do not all shofars also go by the name of ḳeren? Ib. 26a; a. v. fr.Keth.XIII, 2, v. צְבִי.Esp. (sub. נזק) damage done by an animals horn, goring. B. Kam.2b. Ib. 4a; a. fr.Trnsf. horn, trump, wind instrument. Kel. XI, 7 ק׳ עגולה a round (wound) metal horn; contrad. to פשוטה a plain (straight) horn; Sabb.47a; a. fr.Du. קַרְנַיִם, קַרְנַיִים, קַרְנַיִין; pl. קְרָנִים, קְרָנִין, קְרָנוֹת. Tosef.Par.II , 2; Bekh.44a. Par. II, 2 פרה שקַרְנֶיהָוכ׳ a red cow whose horns and hoofs are black; Bekh. l. c. שקרניםוכ׳ (corr. acc.). Ḥull.60a, a. e. שור … קְרָנָיו קודמותוכ׳ the ox which Adam sacrificed was born with his horns (full grown) in advance of his hoofs. Par. XII, 9 ק׳ של יוצאי דרכים the travellers drinking horns. Gen. R. s. 99 אלו תוקעי ק׳וכ׳ these (the Levites) blow horns, and those (the Greeks) blow trumpets. Ib. זה בעל ק׳ וזה בעל ק׳ this one (Joseph) is described as endowed with horns (power, Deut. 33:17), and that one (Rome) is (Dan. 7:24). Y.Shek.VI, 50a top כקַרְנֵיוכ׳, v. כִּילּוּיָא. Ib.; Yoma 77b קרני חגבים the antennæ of locusts; a. fr. 2) any projection, point; a) beam, ray.Pl. as ab. Ex. R. s. 47; Tanḥ. Ki Thissa 37 קרני ההוד the beams of glory, halo; a. e.b) projecting staff or handle. Par. XII, 9, v. כְּלִיבָה. Lam. R. to I, 16 (read:) קרן גלוסקאן זו this point of the roll of white bread; a. e.c) (with זוית or without) corner, v. זָוִית. Ber.17a שתעמידנו בק׳ אורה … בק׳ חשכה that thou place us in the corner of light (position of honor), and not in the corner of obscurity. Men.42a הטיל על הק׳ if one attaches the show-fringes exactly in the corner; a. fr.Pl. as ab. Ḥull.31a, v. אִיזְמֵל. Macc.12a תפש בקַרְנוֹתָיו took hold of the projections of the altar; a. fr. יושבי קרנות those seated at street corners, v. יָשַׁב.(Gen. R. s. 75, v. יָשַׁב a. קָרוֹן. 3) (cmp. כְּרַן) fulness, essence. Nidd.II, 6, v. כַּרְכּוֹם I.Esp. principal, capital. B. Kam.IX, 7 משלם ק׳ וחומשוכ׳ must pay the principal (the full value of the stolen goods) and the fine of one-fifth, and bring a guilt-offering; a. v. fr.Trnsf. the capital of reward or punishment laid aside for the hereafter. Peah I, 1; Tosef. ib. I, 2, sq., v. פֶּרִי; a. fr.ק׳ אפל, v. אָפִל II. -
6 קֶרֶן
קֶרֶןc. (b. h.; v. preced.) (joint, attachment; roundness, fulness, 1) horn. Y.Erub.I, 19b bot. זכרותו של ק׳, v. זַכְרוּת. R. Hash. III, 2 כל השופרות … ק׳ all shofars (horns) are fit for use on the New Years day, except that of a cow, because it is called ḳeren (and not shofar); והלא כל … ק׳ do not all shofars also go by the name of ḳeren? Ib. 26a; a. v. fr.Keth.XIII, 2, v. צְבִי.Esp. (sub. נזק) damage done by an animals horn, goring. B. Kam.2b. Ib. 4a; a. fr.Trnsf. horn, trump, wind instrument. Kel. XI, 7 ק׳ עגולה a round (wound) metal horn; contrad. to פשוטה a plain (straight) horn; Sabb.47a; a. fr.Du. קַרְנַיִם, קַרְנַיִים, קַרְנַיִין; pl. קְרָנִים, קְרָנִין, קְרָנוֹת. Tosef.Par.II , 2; Bekh.44a. Par. II, 2 פרה שקַרְנֶיהָוכ׳ a red cow whose horns and hoofs are black; Bekh. l. c. שקרניםוכ׳ (corr. acc.). Ḥull.60a, a. e. שור … קְרָנָיו קודמותוכ׳ the ox which Adam sacrificed was born with his horns (full grown) in advance of his hoofs. Par. XII, 9 ק׳ של יוצאי דרכים the travellers drinking horns. Gen. R. s. 99 אלו תוקעי ק׳וכ׳ these (the Levites) blow horns, and those (the Greeks) blow trumpets. Ib. זה בעל ק׳ וזה בעל ק׳ this one (Joseph) is described as endowed with horns (power, Deut. 33:17), and that one (Rome) is (Dan. 7:24). Y.Shek.VI, 50a top כקַרְנֵיוכ׳, v. כִּילּוּיָא. Ib.; Yoma 77b קרני חגבים the antennæ of locusts; a. fr. 2) any projection, point; a) beam, ray.Pl. as ab. Ex. R. s. 47; Tanḥ. Ki Thissa 37 קרני ההוד the beams of glory, halo; a. e.b) projecting staff or handle. Par. XII, 9, v. כְּלִיבָה. Lam. R. to I, 16 (read:) קרן גלוסקאן זו this point of the roll of white bread; a. e.c) (with זוית or without) corner, v. זָוִית. Ber.17a שתעמידנו בק׳ אורה … בק׳ חשכה that thou place us in the corner of light (position of honor), and not in the corner of obscurity. Men.42a הטיל על הק׳ if one attaches the show-fringes exactly in the corner; a. fr.Pl. as ab. Ḥull.31a, v. אִיזְמֵל. Macc.12a תפש בקַרְנוֹתָיו took hold of the projections of the altar; a. fr. יושבי קרנות those seated at street corners, v. יָשַׁב.(Gen. R. s. 75, v. יָשַׁב a. קָרוֹן. 3) (cmp. כְּרַן) fulness, essence. Nidd.II, 6, v. כַּרְכּוֹם I.Esp. principal, capital. B. Kam.IX, 7 משלם ק׳ וחומשוכ׳ must pay the principal (the full value of the stolen goods) and the fine of one-fifth, and bring a guilt-offering; a. v. fr.Trnsf. the capital of reward or punishment laid aside for the hereafter. Peah I, 1; Tosef. ib. I, 2, sq., v. פֶּרִי; a. fr.ק׳ אפל, v. אָפִל II.
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The Children of Húrin — … Wikipedia
The Rithian Terror — Cover of T … Wikipedia
The Chrysalids — Chrysalids redirects here. For term in biology, see Chrysalis. The Chrysalids (US: Re birth) … Wikipedia
The Joshua Tree — For other uses, see Joshua tree (disambiguation). The Joshua Tree … Wikipedia
The Highwayman (TV series) — Infobox Television show name = The Highwayman caption = format = Action adventure camera = runtime = 60 min. creator = Glen A. Larson and Douglas Heyes developer = producer = executive producer = starring = Sam Jones “Jacko” Jane Badler Tim Russ… … Wikipedia
History of the Balkans — The Balkans is an area of southeastern Europe situated at a major crossroads between mainland Europe and the Near East. The distinct identity and fragmentation of the Balkans owes much to its common and often violent history and to its very… … Wikipedia
Lords of the Nine Hells — The Lords of the Nine Hells are fictional characters in the Dungeons Dragons roleplaying game. The lords outlined in this article are the highest ranking devils in the Nine Hells of Baator. They include the Dark Eight the eight generals of the… … Wikipedia
Society of the People's Republic of China — The People s Republic of China, the world s largest society, is united by a set of values and institutions that cut across extensive linguistic, environmental, and subcultural differences. Chinese society, since the second decade of the twentieth … Wikipedia
Freedom of the press — The freedom of the press redirects here. For George Orwell s preface, see Animal Farm# The Freedom of the Press . For the report by Freedom House, see Freedom of the Press (report). Journalism News … Wikipedia
